Analysis

1. A company hosts a global e-commerce website with static assets stored in Amazon S3. Users in Asia and Europe report slow page load times. Which solution best improves performance while minimizing operational overhead?

• A.Deploy Amazon CloudFront with the S3 bucket as the origin to cache and serve static assets from edge locations closest to viewers worldwide.✓ Correct
• B.Replicate the S3 bucket to multiple regions manually and update DNS records to route users to the nearest bucket based on geolocation.
• C.Launch EC2 instances in every region and configure them to serve static content directly, using Route 53 latency-based routing.
• D.Use AWS Global Accelerator to route traffic to a single S3 bucket in us-east-1 without any content caching at edge locations.

2. An application serves large video files to millions of global users. The origin server is frequently overwhelmed by requests. Which CloudFront feature directly reduces origin load while maintaining high availability?

• A.CloudFront caching with appropriate TTL settings stores responses at edge locations, serving repeat requests without hitting the origin server.✓ Correct
• B.CloudFront signed URLs restrict access to content but do not reduce the number of requests forwarded to the origin server.
• C.CloudFront geographic restrictions block users from certain countries, reducing total request volume to the origin server.
• D.CloudFront custom error pages serve static HTML from edge locations only when the origin returns a 5xx error response.

3. A database workload on an EC2 instance requires consistently low latency and high I/O throughput for transactional processing. The workload is I/O-intensive with random read/write patterns. Which EBS volume type is most appropriate?

• A.Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) volumes, which deliver up to 64,000 IOPS with single-digit millisecond latency and consistent performance for I/O-intensive workloads.✓ Correct
• B.Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) volumes, which are optimized for large sequential workloads like data warehouses and log processing.
• C.Cold HDD (sc1) volumes, which provide the lowest cost per GB and are designed for infrequently accessed large sequential data.
• D.General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes, which use a burst credit model that may not sustain consistently high IOPS for intensive workloads.

4. An EC2 instance running a high-throughput database is experiencing I/O performance bottlenecks despite using an io1 EBS volume. The instance is r5.large. What is the most likely cause and solution?

• A.The r5.large instance is not EBS-optimized by default; migrate to an EBS-optimized instance type such as r5.xlarge to maximize dedicated bandwidth to the EBS volume.✓ Correct
• B.The io1 volume has insufficient storage capacity; increase the volume size to automatically scale the provisioned IOPS to the required level.
• C.The EBS volume is in a different Availability Zone than the EC2 instance, causing network latency; move them to the same AZ.
• D.The instance should use an instance store instead of EBS to achieve the required I/O performance for database workloads.

5. A web application queries a relational database for product catalog data that rarely changes. Database CPU is consistently high due to repeated identical queries. Which ElastiCache caching strategy should be implemented first?

• A.Lazy loading (cache-aside): the application checks ElastiCache first, returns cached data on a hit, and populates the cache from the database only on a miss.✓ Correct
• B.Write-through caching: every database write simultaneously updates ElastiCache, ensuring the cache always contains fresh data for all possible query patterns.
• C.Read-through caching: ElastiCache automatically fetches missing data from the database without any application-level cache miss handling logic.
• D.TTL-only caching: store all database records in ElastiCache with a short TTL and rely on expiration to keep data fresh without explicit invalidation.